Archive from June, 2009

How do you detect a two-way mirror?

ASK! about Anything and Everything

Two-way mirrors allow people standing outside of a room to look in, while the people in the room are unaware, mistaking that piece of glass for a mirror. There are several useful applications for such a mirror. In a therapy session for example, researchers can observe the behaviour of the subjects through a two-way mirror. Two-way mirrors are also used in police interrogation rooms.

With the wrong motive in mind though, this technology becomes a weapon of crime. A man and two women who had rented a room in Colorado realised that the mirror in their shower room was actually a two-way mirror and made a report (3 June 2009, Police investigate two-way mirrors in apartment, AP). Way back in 1996, a couple discovered a two-way mirror in their rented apartment when they noticed a strange red light on it (13 February 1996, Tenant Finds Video Camera in Mirror, The New York Times).

So how do you detect a two-way mirror? Here’s some tips gleaned from news articles. A one-way mirror is usually opaque on one side and clear on the other. To test, switch off the lights so that the room is dark. Take a torchlight or lighter and shine on the mirror. If it reflects back, it is a one-way mirror. If it shines through, then it is likely a two-way mirror.

Also be alert for suspicious lights or sounds that may indicate someone or something (camera) behind the mirror. If possible, move the mirror and check behind for any holes.

References:
1. 20/20 Wednesday Preview High-Tech Peeping Tom, Good Morning America, 27 January 1999, Factiva.com, 25 Jun 09, eresources.nlb.gov.sg/index.aspx
2. US motels subject of more ‘peephole’ lawsuits, Straits Times, 16 September 1992, Factiva.com, 25 Jun 09, eresources.nlb.gov.sg/index.aspx

roymugshot-new.jpg   Originally answered by Mr Roy Won, Librarian, Adult and Young People’s Services

Why are some people born very short?

[Editor: The other day a petite friend was complaining about how she dislikes her height and wishes there was no such thing as short people in the world. Personally I felt that was a sad wish to make and did not want it to come true. At this point, you might be asking ‘why?’ Well, what would happen to all the cute people in the world?!
Short people tend to be cute and I happen to like cuteness very much! It brings fuzzy-warm-pleasant feelings, and being greeted by the sight of cute people and things can even make a person feel happy. Don’t you sometimes find yourself smiling when you see anything adorably small and cute? I like my petite and short friend just the way she is- cute, adorable and attractive in that way! I only hope she feels the same way too, soon. As for getting to those hard-to-reach places high up, she can always count on me (and others) to help her. I mean, who can possibly say ‘No’ to cute people right? Everything works out in the end ;) .]

Hereditary and environmental factors are what determine whether a person is short or tall.
There are as many as 20 genes that make a person short or tall.
Examples include the genes for bone proportion and the genes for the timing of the release of hormones that encourage growth.

Environmental factors play a large part as well. For example, the Chinese today is much taller than the Chinese 50 years ago. This is largely due to the nutrition the Chinese today are getting.
It also helps that pregnant mothers today are receiving better health care than before.

Reference:
1. Newton/ANL. Retrieved May 21, 2009, from Genetics and height Web site: www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/mole00/mole00125.htm

2. Starr, B Height hopes. Retrieved May 21, 2009, from Understanding genetics Web site: www.thetech.org/genetics/news.php?id=60

If you want to read more on the topic, here are books that you can check out at our library.

how-genetics-and-envnt-shape-us1.jpg
Image source: www.masoncrest.com/series_view.php?seriesID=18

How genetics and environment shape us : the destined body by William Hunter
Publisher: Philadelphia, Pa. : Mason Crest Publishers, c2006
Call No.: Y 616.398042 HUN

genomes.jpg
Image source: www.webster.it/book_usa-genomes_and_what_to_make-9780226172958.htm

Genomes and what to make of them by Barry Barnes
Publisher: Chicago, Ill. : University of Chicago Press, 2008
Call No.: 572.86 BAR

All websites are last accessed on May 2009. Please refer to the terms and conditions on the homepages for use.
For the availability of the above book titles, please check the library catalogue.

Verena
Originally Answered by Ms Verena Lee
Librarian, Children’s Services

Jun 16, 2009 - ..Children    No Comments

What is the first plant on earth?

The earliest relatives of plants have been around for about 3.5 billion of the 4.5 billion years of Earth’s existence. The first known group of organisms which produced their own food from light are known as Cyanobacteria. The next kind of organisms in the evolutionary line of plants are various forms of algae.

(Source: The Evolution of Plants Monkeyshines on Health & Science, Jan2001 Botany)

You can read more about this using EBSCOHost searchasaurus.

You can access it from our eResources page, http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg.
From there, click on the “For Children” link on the left hand list, then click on the eDatabases header which is somewhere in the middle of the page.
From the list that appears, look for “EBSCOHost searchasaurus” which is an encyclopedia and database you can use, especially for information on animals.

Alternatively, here are some books which you may be interested in:

1000.jpg

100 things you should know about prehistoric life
Rupert Matthews
J 560 MAT

36334087.jpg

The great prehistoric search
Jane Bingham.
JP 930 BIn

1000 facts on prehistoric life
Andrew Campbell
J 560 CAM

To check the availabilities and locations, please use our online catalogue at http://catalogue.nlb.gov.sg/

Originally answered by Galvin Soh
Associate Librarian, Children’s Services

Galv.jpg

Jun 10, 2009 - ..Adults, ..Teens, Recreation    No Comments

What is “bokeh” in photography?

The term “bokeh” comes from the Japanese word “bo-ke” meaning “out-of-focus blur” or “hazy”.  This fanciful  term has gained acceptance among photographers who use it to describe the artistic quality of out-of-focus areas of an image projected by the camera lens.  For example, a photographer who wants to highlight a single rose on a branch and deliberately brings the flower into focus and the surrounding background as a blur backdrop.  This way, an aesthetically pleasing impact is created on a photo.   

The characteristics of the lenses play a part on how a pleasing bokeh turns up in a photograph.  Generally, lenses with more blades in the diaphram will give better a better  bokeh effect  (http://www.diyphotography.net/

182906_f520.jpg  Here is an example of a photograph with a nice bokeh. 

Below are recommended books available in the libraries on improving your phototaking skills:

 real-aperture-2.jpg

1.  Real world aperture.
By Ben Long
Publisher: Berkeley, Calif. : Peachpit Press, c2007
Call no.: 775 LON -[ART]

 advanced-2.jpg

2.  Advanced digital photography: techniques and tips for creating professional quality images.
By Tom Ang
Publisher: London : Mitchell Beazley, 2007
Call no.: 775 ANG -[ART]

moment-2.jpg

3.  The moment it clicks: photography secrets from one of the world’s top shooters.
By Joe McNally
Publisher: [Berkeley, CA] : New Riders, 2008
Call no.: 775 MAC -[ART]

To check the availability of the titles in the libraries, please visit our online catalogue at:

http://catalogue.nlb.gov.sg/

soonhuat-mugshot.jpg  Posted by Mr Kweh Soon Huat, Librarian, Adults and Young People’s Services

What Makes Singapore Unique?

What makes Singapore unique? Unlike other sites that hype up the different tourist attractions, this blog gives our everyday mundane experiences an interesting and hunourous spin. Before we dismiss Singapore as just another concrete jungle, take a look at this blog post! You may come to appreciate the daily experiences and how these add up to more than just another visit to the shopping center.

http://www.magandeepsingh.com/blog/2009/05/30/10-things-not-to-do-in-singapore/

Is the Singapore you know just limited to what your daily commute? Have you ever wondered if there is more to life here than just looking out for the next opening of another shopping center or restaurant?

For more information on unique experiences in Singapore, here are some books that you can check out! Who knows, you may come to appreciate the little intricacies that weave this little nation together!

 

stirfried-not-shaken.bmp
Stir-fried not shaken by Terry Tan
Call Number: English 641.5092 TAN

singapore-delicious-and-delirious.bmp
Singapore: Delicious and Delirious by Tan Ping and Serena Narain
Call Number: Call Number: English 959.57 TAN

singapore-swing.bmp
Singapore Swing by John Malathronas
Call Number:English 915.957045 MAL

Posted by:
wanying1.bmp
Chen Wanying
Children’s Librarian

Children’s Services

Which is the shortest and most venomous snake in the world?

Poisonous snakes need not look big and scary. In fact, the Namaqua dwarf adder, Bitis schneideri, is the world’s shortest venomous snake. Found in southern Africa, this sidewinder grows to an average length of 18-24cm, the length of a small ruler!  Typically, the Namaqua lives in desert habitats. Although its venom is poisonous, the Namaqua rarely bites humans and has never been reported as the cause of a person’s death.

hand-and-snake.bmp
(picture courtesy of the Rufford Small Grants organization)

For more information on poisonous snakes, you can check out these books available at the library!

10-deadliest-snakes.bmp
The 10 deadliest snakes by Jennifer Meghan Jenkins
Call Number: J English 597.96 JEN

venom.bmp
Venom by Marilyn Singer
Call Number: J English 592.16 SIN

the-worlds-deadliest-snakes-by-martin.bmp
The world’s deadliest snakes by Michael and Martin
Call Number: J English 597.96 MAR

cheeboon.JPG
Originally answered by Koh Chee Boon
Librarian
Children’s Services

What books are available for me to teach my child about Sexuality Education?

According to the Straits Times published May 2009:

“The number of teenagers getting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV has risen in the past few years, the Education Ministry said on Thursday. Last year, 787 teens caught STIs, more than three times the 238 cases in 2002; for HIV, the figure rose from one in 2002 to nine in 2007. These figures, the ministry said yesterday, are a key reason its sexuality education programme is necessary.” [1]

This increase might come from not being properly educated about sexual matters and only seeing the glossed over images from popular media.

Despite being exposed to sex in the media, children and teens who already know the facts will be able to differentiate between fictitious media hype, and behaviour that will result in a consequence. And unprotected teen sex usually leads to a consequence that nobody wants.

Sexuality education programmes are currently implemented in all schools but parents are given the choice to opt their child out from it. I would like to assume that parents who do opt their child out would still have them undergo sexuality education but through other means such as external programmes that are sometimes offered by religious organizations and family service centres or at home.

Teaching the facts about sex to children at home can be done with the help of the right resources such as authoritative books and websites. Having an open communication about the topic at home might make children feel comfortable to ask their questions and air out their concerns with parents instead of finding the distorted facts elsewhere. If parents do not wish to give lengthy answers to the questions, they can look to the books as reference and point out the relevant sections or pages children can read to get their answers. Parents can also sit with their child as they read those pages in order to prepare themselves for any further questions the child might have.

Here are some titles about sexuality education available in our libraries.

the-talk.jpg
Image source: www.drsharonmaxwell.com/mybook.html

The Talk: what your kids need to hear from you about sex By Sharon Maxwell
Call Number: 649.65 MAX -[FAM]

Book Description:
A groundbreaking resource to help jump start an ongoing discussion between parents and teens about sex and sexuality Internet chat rooms, boy/girl sleepovers, reality TV . . . there’s more to “the talk” than ever before. Faced with a culture that pushes our kids to be “sexy” before puberty begins, how do we explain the power of sexuality in a way that promotes healthy, age-appropriate behavior?
The Talk is a breakthrough resource for parents and educators that prepares kids for a hypersexualized world and lays the foundation for ethical sexual behavior that can guide our children from elementary school through college.
Using real-life situations, Dr. Sharon Maxwell demonstrates how dramatically the world of preteen and teen sexual exploration has changed. She helps parents think through the message they want to give to their kids about sexual behavior, and how that message must evolve as their kids get older. Focusing on the importance of love and intimacy, Dr. Maxwell helps parents define their values about sex and gives concrete ways to share those values with teens.
The Talk shows parents how to:
* Set family guidelines for safe Internet use
* Address the social power that comes from looking sexy, and the personal responsibility each of us has to use that power appropriately
* Discuss the moral aspects of sexuality in ways teens will understand
* Help children recognize the difference between feelings of sexual desire and love
* Develop principles with our teens that will help them figure out when it’s okay to be sexual with someone and when it’s not

Dr. Maxwell connects the dots between reproduction, the potent power of sexiness, sexual desire, emotional intimacy, and the spiritual dimension of sexuality. Offering an innovative framework for looking at human sexuality, this book has the potential to change the national conversation on sex education.

the-puberty-book.jpg

The puberty book By Wendy Darvill & Kelsey Powell
Call Number: Y 612.661 DAR

Book Description:
In straightforward yet humorous language, Wendy Darvill and Kelsey Powell discuss the changes that happen at puberty. This book is a guide for children and teenagers, full of up-to-date information about themselves, their bodies and growing up. In simple, straightforward language, it discusses the changes that happen at puberty, sex and sexuality, health and looking after yourself, relationships, pregnancy and birth. The authors recognise the primary role of parents and carers in the sexual education of their children, but this book is written for children rather than parents. It is illustrated throughout with witty and informative cartoons, and all of the questions that are used are based on the kinds of questions that children and teenagers everywhere ask all the time.

About the Author
Wendy Darvill and Kelsey Powell have been actively involved in sex education in primary and secondary schools and with community organisations for many years. They live in Australia.

my-teen-has-had-sex-now-what-do-i-do.jpg
Image source: www.fairwindspress.com/description.asp?isbn=9781592333592#

My teen has had sex : now what do I do? : how to help teens make safe, sensible, self-reliant choices when they’ve already said “yes” By Maureen Lyon and Christina Breda Antoniades
Call Number: 649.65 LYO -[FAM]

Book Description:
A real-world guide to parenting a sexually active child that gives frank, expert advice on how to parent, rather than punish, your child into smart, safe, sensible choices
My Teen Has Had Sex, Now What Do I Do? gives parents unvarnished advice on how to deal with the myriad of parenting issues and concerns having a sexually active teen entails, including health risks such as STD’s and pregnancy, disciplinary and boundary issues, heightened emotional vulnerability, and sexual peer pressure. Sample dialogues and scenarios help parents deal with common situations such as setting boundaries around sexual activity in the house, what to do if your child’s partner is of legal age, and what your (and your child’s) legal rights are around getting birth control and medical information. Parents also get advice on what signs to look for and what actions to take if their child is engaging in risky sexual behavior, including multiple partners or submitting to sexual pressure from peers or online. Most importantly, parents learn how to coach their children to be responsible, savvy, and accountable for their sexual decisions.

About the Author
Maureen E. Lyon, Ph. D., A.B.P.P. is a licensed clinical psychologist and associate research professor in pediatrics. She has extensive experience in dealing with teens and HIV/AIDS, and in counseling families and teens.Christina Breda Antoniades is a freelance journalist with fifteen years of experience writing for print and online publications.

All websites are last accessed on 28 May 2009. Please refer to the terms and conditions on the homepages for use.
All images and book descriptions are extracted from http://www.amazon.com unless otherwise stated
For the availability of the above book titles, please check the library catalogue.

Source:
[1]. Tan, Amelia (May 22 2009). Sex education needed . The Straits Times, Retrieved May 28 2009, from http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/Singapore/Story/STIStory_380110.html

Posted by Ms Sharifah
Associate Librarian, Children’s Services
sharifah-ask_profile_pic.jpg